Digital Citizenship and Digital Access

Digital Citizenship is a concept which helps teachers, technology leaders, and parents talk about what all users should know regarding appropriate technology use.

Physical and Cognitive Access

Individuals with physical or sensory disabilities may encounter barriers when using traditional materials such as books, paper and pencil, keyboards, audiotapes without text equivalents, or videos lacking captions or audio descriptions. Broadly speaking, ensuring physical access to the curriculum includes enabling sensory and motor access (such as the ability to see text and images, hear sound and speech, and manipulate materials and expressive tools).

Students need both physical and cognitive access to the general curriculum in order to succeed.

Examples of cognitive access to the general curriculum include the ability to understand assignments, plan approaches to and execute tasks, use materials effectively, comprehend content presented in various media, organize work, understand and use feedback, and express ideas effectively. All learners (especially those with learning disabilities, attention deficits, developmental disabilities, or affective difficulties) may encounter barriers when instructional materials are not designed in a flexible manner.

A student with a learning disability may be able to see text clearly (physical access) but may have difficulty understanding the assignment or purpose for reading, finding main points, organizing notes, and expressing understanding (cognitive access). Conversely, a student with cerebral palsy may fully understand an assignment and have clear ideas for executing it (cognitive access), but be blocked from expressing those ideas by inappropriate tools (physical access).

The elements of digital

1. Digital Access: full electronic participation in society.
2. Digital Literacy:  process of teaching and learning about technology and the use of technology. 
3. Digital Rights and Responsibility: those freedoms extended to everyone in a digital world.
4. Digital Health and Wellness: physical and psychological well-being in a digital technology world.
5. Digital Security: electronic precautions to guarantee safety. 
6. Digital Law: electronic responsibility for actions and deeds 
7. Digital Communication: electronic exchange of information.
8. Digital Commerce:electronic buying and selling of goods.
9. Digital Etiquette: electronic standards of conduct or procedure.

The important to clarify the role of data and information and knowledge 

Computers are often called data processing machines or information processing machines. People understand and accept the fact that computers are machines designed for the input, storage, processing, and output of data and information.

Data

1. information, often in the form of facts or figures obtained from experiments or surveys, used as a basis for making calculations or drawing conclusions
2. information, for example, numbers, text, images, and sounds, in a form that is suitable for storage in or processing by a computer

Information

1. definite knowledge acquired or supplied about something or somebody
2. the collected facts and data about a particular subject
3. a telephone service that supplies telephone numbers to the public on request.
4. the communication of facts and knowledge
5. computer data that has been organized and presented in a systematic fashion to clarify the underlying meaning
6. a formal accusation of a crime brought by a prosecutor, as opposed to an indictment brought by a grand jury

Knowledge

1. general awareness or possession of information, facts, ideas, truths, or principles
2. clear awareness or explicit information, for example, of a situation or fact
3. all the information, facts, truths, and principles learned throughout time
4. familiarity or understanding gained through experience or study

Wisdom

1. the knowledge and experience needed to make sensible decisions and judgments, or the good sense shown by the decisions and judgments made
2. accumulated knowledge of life or in a particular sphere of activity that has been gained through experience
3. an opinion that almost everyone seems to share or express
4. ancient teachings or sayings

Information consists of data, but data is not necessarily information. Also, wisdom is knowledge, which in turn is information, which in turn is data, but, for example, knowledge is not necessarily wisdom. So wisdom is a subset of knowledge, which is a subset of information, which is a subset of data.

Arranging the Terms Along a scale

The terms Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom are sometimes presented in a form that suggests a scale.

References

Bellinger, Gene; Casstro, Durval; and Mills, Anthony. , Date, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom. Accessed 11/15/02: http://www.outsights.com/systems/dikw/dikw.htm.